Lazarus and the Rich Man

The Rich Man and Lazarus

Luke 16:19 “There was a rich man who was clothed in purple and fine linen and who feasted sumptuously every day. 20 And at his gate was laid a poor man named Lazarus, covered with sores, 21 who desired to be fed with what fell from the rich man's table. Moreover, even the dogs came and licked his sores. 22 The poor man died and was carried by the angels to Abraham's side. The rich man also died and was buried, 23 and in Hades, being in torment, he lifted up his eyes and saw Abraham far off and Lazarus at his side. 24 And he called out, ‘Father Abraham, have mercy on me, and send Lazarus to dip the end of his finger in water and cool my tongue, for I am in anguish in this flame.’ 25 But Abraham said, ‘Child, remember that you in your lifetime received your good things, and Lazarus in like manner bad things; but now he is comforted here, and you are in anguish. 26 And besides all this, between us and you a great chasm has been fixed, in order that those who would pass from here to you may not be able, and none may cross from there to us.’ 27 And he said, ‘Then I beg you, father, to send him to my father's house— 28 for I have five brothers—so that he may warn them, lest they also come into this place of torment.’ 29 But Abraham said, ‘They have Moses and the Prophets; let them hear them.’ 30 And he said, ‘No, father Abraham, but if someone goes to them from the dead, they will repent.’ 31 He said to him, ‘If they do not hear Moses and the Prophets, neither will they be convinced if someone should rise from the dead.’” - English Standard Version

It should be noted that this parable was the last one in a series of parables which this Gospel puts in the mouth of Jesus beginning in chapter fourteen. Now, although the afterlife is definitely an integral part of this story, notice that the point of the story was that even someone rising from the dead would not convince the close-minded and incorrigible to repent! In other words, Jesus knew that his own resurrection would have no impact in bringing some of his Jewish brethren to God. On another occasion, we are informed that Jesus told his Jewish brethren: "For if you believed Moses, you would believe me; for he wrote of me. But if you do not believe his writings, how will you believe my words?” - John 5:46-47, ESV

Now, turning to what the parable reveals about Christ's view of the afterlife, the first thing that we notice is that both men DIED (Lazarus and the wealthy man). Next, we are told that the angels came and carried Lazarus to Abraham's bosom (as the KJV renders it). It does NOT say where Abraham was located. In the case of the rich man, we are told not only that he died, but we are also informed that he was buried. In "hades" (Greek for place of the dead), and that he was "in torment." He asks Abraham to send Lazarus to him to give him even a drop of water. He also relates that he is "in anguish in this flame." Was the wealthy man in Gehenna - the Lake of Fire? Were Abraham and Lazarus in heaven? The passage doesn't elaborate. Abraham then proceeded to explain to the rich man that it was impossible to pass between the two places. Once again, the story clearly takes place in the context of the resurrection of the dead. Does it have any applications/meanings beyond this? We simply don't know - if anything more was intended or implied!

What do you think?  

 

A Changed Body

"It is the same way with the resurrection of the dead. Our earthly bodies are planted in the ground when we die, but they will be raised to live forever. Our bodies are buried in brokenness, but they will be raised in glory. They are buried in weakness, but they will be raised in strength. They are buried as natural human bodies, but they will be raised as spiritual bodies. For just as there are natural bodies, there are also spiritual bodies." -- The Apostle Paul to the saints at Corinth

Ehrman's History of the Notion of Heaven and Hell

I had recently been thinking about our varied beliefs about the afterlife and decided to finally read a book that had been given to me as a birthday gift a couple of years ago. The book was Bart Ehrman's Heaven and Hell: A History of the Afterlife. Now, being familiar with some of Bart's other works, I knew that the book would be interesting and well-researched, and I wasn't disappointed. I found much to agree with in the book and a few things to challenge. Some will call this a book review, but I prefer to think of it as an exploration of the parameters and evolution of Judeo-Christian thought regarding the afterlife.

First, I think that it is important to acknowledge that most humans (including those who are not Christian) believe in some kind of continued existence when this life is over. In terms of Western Culture, whether we're talking about Egyptians, Babylonians, Greeks, Romans, Jews or Muslims, we find some notion of an afterlife among them all. Hence, it is not at all surprising that we find Christians have similar beliefs about what happens when our present life ends.

Second, as Ehrman points out, it is even more important that we acknowledge the fear which has motivated a great deal of our thinking on this subject. Frankly, it is very unsettling to contemplate the end of our existence - a time when we no longer exist in this world. Moreover, for most of us, it is downright terrifying to contemplate the prospect of being punished for our sins after this life is over. Conversely, even the prospect of being rewarded for our behavior in this life when it is over, can be the source of some anxiety and uncertainty. Will we be reunited with our loved ones? What will we be doing for eternity and will we enjoy it?

Indeed, for Christians, the certainty of death and our fear of it are what motivated Jesus of Nazareth to do what he did for us. In the anonymously written epistle to the Hebrews, we read: "Because God’s children are human beings—made of flesh and blood—the Son also became flesh and blood. For only as a human being could he die, and only by dying could he break the power of the devil, who had the power of death. Only in this way could he set free all who have lived their lives as slaves to the fear of dying." (Hebrews 2:14-15, NLT) In other words, Christ's sacrifice was meant to address this near universal human fear of our own mortality.

Nevertheless, before we get into what the Judeo-Christian canon of Scripture has to say on the subject, it is essential that we trace the development of Gentile/pagan thought on the subject. Why? Because many of our "Christian" beliefs about the afterlife are rooted in that thinking, NOT in the Bible! Indeed, we will shortly demonstrate that our modern beliefs about the afterlife are more closely aligned with what folks like Plato and Virgil contemplated about them than they are with what Jesus and Paul believed and taught on the subject!

As he skillfully traced the evolution of human thinking on the afterlife, Ehrman wrote: "There were obvious problems with the concept of Hades imagined in the writings of Homer. If everyone has the same fate after death - whether noble or lowly, righteous or wicked, valiant or cowardly - then where is justice? Doesn't this life, in the end, make any sense? Isn't good behavior to be rewarded and evil punished? Won't I get a better hereafter than the brutal tyrant who torture and kills for his own sadistic pleasure, or even that obnoxious fellow who lives across the street?" In other words, these ancient philosophers were grappling with the same kinds of questions which haunt us.

Ehrman continued: "We have seen some hints of what we might call 'differentiated' afterlives even in Homer. Three particularly wicked sinners are punished forever, and a very few individual humans, or semi-humans, related to the gods are rewarded. This differentiation is far more pronounced in Virgil's Aeneid, which portrays fantastic rewards for the upright and horrible punishments for sinners. In the centuries between Homer and Virgil, more than any other thinker and writer, it was Plato who developed the notion of postmortem justice for both the virtuous and the wicked." It is in this very human reasoning that we find the embryo of our own modern notions about heaven and hell!

Like most Christians today, Plato believed that we humans have an immortal soul which departs from our physical bodies at death. For many of us, this "soul" represents our true self. This physical body is merely a temporary abode for the part of us that really makes us a sentient god-like being. Isn't that much at least Scriptural? Yes and no!

In the Old Testament, we read: "Yes, remember your Creator now while you are young, before the silver cord of life snaps and the golden bowl is broken. Don’t wait until the water jar is smashed at the spring and the pulley is broken at the well. For then the dust will return to the earth, and the spirit will return to God who gave it." (Ecclesiastes 12:6-7, NLT) In the Gospel of John, we read that Christ became human and tabernacled among us (John 1:14). Likewise, Paul wrote: "For we know that when this earthly tent we live in is taken down (that is, when we die and leave this earthly body), we will have a house in heaven, an eternal body made for us by God himself and not by human hands. We grow weary in our present bodies, and we long to put on our heavenly bodies like new clothing. For we will put on heavenly bodies; we will not be spirits without bodies. While we live in these earthly bodies, we groan and sigh, but it’s not that we want to die and get rid of these bodies that clothe us. Rather, we want to put on our new bodies so that these dying bodies will be swallowed up by life. God himself has prepared us for this, and as a guarantee he has given us his Holy Spirit." (II Corinthians 5:1-5, NLT) Also, in the second epistle of Peter, we read: "Yes, I think it is right, as long as I am in this tent, to stir you up by reminding you, knowing that shortly I must put off my tent, just as our Lord Jesus Christ showed me. Moreover, I will be careful to ensure that you always have a reminder of these things after my decease." (1:13-15, NKJV)

Thus, in the light of the above passages of Scripture, it is reasonable to conclude that the Bible teaches that humans have a physical body and a spiritual soul. Nevertheless, we still have to answer the question as to whether this spirit component/soul is inherently immortal. What does Scripture reveal about that?

First, we should note that ONLY God has true immortality (I Timothy 1:17, 6:16). The Holy Spirit and Jesus Christ are also God (Genesis 1:1-2, Job 33:4, Psalm 90:2, 104:30, 139:7, Matthew 28:19, John 1:1-3, 10:30, Hebrews 1:1-13, Revelation 1:8). Like the Father, they are NOT created entities. They have always existed and will always exist. In this respect, they are UNIQUE!  EVERYTHING ELSE was/is created - both physical and spiritual! (Genesis 1:1, Isaiah 40:26, Ezekiel 28:13, 15, Ephesians 3:9, Colossians 1:16, and Revelation 4:11) Moreover, as Creator and the Omnipotent One, God is able to destroy or annihilate ANYTHING He has created!

"What about angels and the resurrected saints?" some will demand. Angels apparently have the ability to exist indefinitely. They are, after all, composed of spirit. However, as we have already demonstrated on this blog in previous posts, God has the ability to annihilate angels (including the former covering Cherub now known as Satan the Devil). Indeed, Scripture reveals that that is exactly what God has planned for him and his demons!

Remember, in the book of Isaiah, we read: "How you are fallen from heaven, O shining star, son of the morning! You have been thrown down to the earth, you who destroyed the nations of the world. For you said to yourself, ‘I will ascend to heaven and set my throne above God’s stars. I will preside on the mountain of the gods far away in the north. I will climb to the highest heavens and be like the Most High.’ Instead, you will be brought down to the place of the dead, down to its lowest depths." (Isaiah 14:12-15, NLT) Likewise, in Ezekiel, we read: "You were the model of perfection, full of wisdom and exquisite in beauty. You were in Eden, the garden of God. Your clothing was adorned with every precious stone— red carnelian, pale-green peridot, white moonstone, blue-green beryl, onyx, green jasper, blue lapis lazuli, turquoise, and emerald—all beautifully crafted for you and set in the finest gold. They were given to you on the day you were created. I ordained and anointed you as the mighty angelic guardian. You had access to the holy mountain of God and walked among the stones of fire...You defiled your sanctuaries with your many sins and your dishonest trade. So, I brought fire out from within you, and it consumed you. I reduced you to ashes on the ground in the sight of all who were watching. All who knew you are appalled at your fate. You have come to a terrible end, and you will exist no more.” (Ezekiel 28:12-19, NLT) Finally, in the book of Revelation, we read: "Then the devil, who had deceived them, was thrown into the fiery lake of burning sulfur, joining the beast and the false prophet...Then death and the grave were thrown into the lake of fire. This lake of fire is the second death. And anyone whose name was not found recorded in the Book of Life was thrown into the lake of fire." (Revelation 20:10-14, NLT)

"But, what about the soul? Isn't that immortal?" The soul is a created thing. Hence, like the rest of creation, it is subject to annihilation by Almighty God! Still not convinced? Once upon a time, Jesus told his apostles: "Don’t be afraid of those who want to kill your body; they cannot touch your soul. Fear only God, who can destroy both soul and body in hell." (Matthew 10:28, NLT) On another occasion, Christ said that it was unwise for his followers to try to hang on to their physical lives, and he asked them: "What do you benefit if you gain the whole world but lose your own soul?" (Mark 8:36, NLT) According to your Savior, you can lose your soul! Paul wrote to the saints at Rome that "the wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God is eternal life through Christ Jesus our Lord." (Romans 6:23, NLT) Hence, the soul is NOT immortal.

"How then do Christ's followers become immortal?" Paul explained it to the saints at Rome this way: "Christ lives within you, so even though your body will die because of sin, the Spirit gives you life because you have been made right with God. The Spirit of God, who raised Jesus from the dead, lives in you. And just as God raised Christ Jesus from the dead, he will give life to your mortal bodies by this same Spirit living within you." (Romans 8:10-11, NLT) This is completely consistent with what Christ told Nicodemus about being born again. He said: "I assure you, no one can enter the Kingdom of God without being born of water and the Spirit. Humans can reproduce only human life, but the Holy Spirit gives birth to spiritual life." (John 3:5-6, NLT) In other words, the Holy Spirit (God) makes our soul immortal, and that Divine spark is there the instant that we receive God's Spirit! Christ said: "I tell you the truth, those who listen to my message and believe in God who sent me have eternal life. They will never be condemned for their sins, but they have already passed from death into life." (John 5:24, NLT)

Getting back to Ehrman, what is his thesis about Christ's views and teachings about the afterlife? He wrote: "Jesus did not teach that when a person died they would go to heaven or hell. He taught that the Day of Judgment was soon to come, when God would destroy all that is evil and raise the dead, to punish the wicked and reward the faithful by bringing them into his eternal, utopian kingdom." Now, that will come as a surprise to many of my more traditionally minded Christian friends; but it would probably also come as quite a shock to some of my Armstrongist friends. "Where does Lonnie stand on this issue?" I think that Ehrman is right and that most traditional Christians and Armstrongists do NOT really understand the nature of what Jesus believed and taught about the afterlife.

According to the Gospels, Jesus of Nazareth believed in and taught about the resurrection of the dead. In the Synoptic Gospels, there is a story about Christ being confronted by the Sadducees with a question about the concept of a resurrection (Matthew 22:23-30, Mark 12:18-25, Luke 20:27-36). After dealing with their challenge, all three gospel accounts inform us that Christ said something along these lines: "But now, as to whether there will be a resurrection of the dead—haven’t you ever read about this in the Scriptures? Long after Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob had died, God said, ‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.’ So, he is the God of the living, not the dead." (Matthew 22:31-32, Mark 12:26-27, Luke 20:37-38, NLT) Even so, there is probably no more succinct statement of Christ's beliefs about the resurrection than one found in the Gospel of John. We read there that Jesus said: "I assure you that the time is coming, indeed it’s here now, when the dead will hear my voice—the voice of the Son of God. And those who listen will live. The Father has life in himself, and he has granted that same life-giving power to his Son. And he has given him authority to judge everyone because he is the Son of Man. Don’t be so surprised! Indeed, the time is coming when all the dead in their graves will hear the voice of God’s Son, and they will rise again. Those who have done good will rise to experience eternal life, and those who have continued in evil will rise to experience judgment." (John 5:25-29, NLT)

Moreover, Paul believed and taught the very same thing! In the famous "Resurrection Chapter" of his letter to the saints at Corinth, we read: "But tell me this—since we preach that Christ rose from the dead, why are some of you saying there will be no resurrection of the dead? For if there is no resurrection of the dead, then Christ has not been raised either. And if Christ has not been raised, then all our preaching is useless, and your faith is useless." (I Corinthians 15:12-14, NLT) Paul then reassured them that their faith was well-placed and began to explain exactly how the resurrection will work. He wrote: "But in fact, Christ has been raised from the dead. He is the first of a great harvest of all who have died. So you see, just as death came into the world through a man, now the resurrection from the dead has begun through another man. Just as everyone dies because we all belong to Adam, everyone who belongs to Christ will be given new life. But there is an order to this resurrection: Christ was raised as the first of the harvest; then all who belong to Christ will be raised when he comes back." (I Corinthians 15:20-23, NLT) 

Absolutely NOTHING about going to heaven or hell when we die! But where did this notion originate? It is too simplistic to say that we inherited it from Plato and Virgil (although they certainly popularized these notions). No, it is more accurate to say that these notions about punishments and rewards and going to heaven or hell upon death arose from our own flawed human reasoning and sense of justice. "God wouldn't allow us to lose consciousness or have to wait for hundreds or thousands of years after our death - would he?" Continuing with this line of thinking, "God wouldn't simply annihilate sinners and grant eternal life to the righteous, would he? How is that fair and just? Don't murderers, rapists, and child molesters deserve to be tormented? Don't the righteous deserve a paradise with lots of good food, drink, and companionship waiting on the other side? In other words, isn't the Christ - Paul formula just a little bit boring and too easy?" Of course, we could throw a few questions back in the other direction as well. Is it really fair to punish someone for all of eternity for sins spread out over a brief human lifespan?

Now, having said all of that, Scripture does seem to point to some kind of interim state between death and the resurrection. In the book of Ecclesiastes, we quoted a passage which also seems appropriate here: "Yes, remember your Creator now while you are young, before the silver cord of life snaps and the golden bowl is broken. Don’t wait until the water jar is smashed at the spring and the pulley is broken at the well. For then the dust will return to the earth, and the spirit will return to God who gave it." (Ecclesiastes 12:6-7, NLT) Likewise, we know that Saul is said to have consulted the ghost of Samuel (I Samuel 28:7-25). We are also informed in the book of Revelation: "When the Lamb broke the fifth seal, I saw under the altar the souls of all who had been martyred for the word of God and for being faithful in their testimony. They shouted to the Lord and said, 'O Sovereign Lord, holy and true, how long before you judge the people who belong to this world and avenge our blood for what they have done to us?' Then a white robe was given to each of them. And they were told to rest a little longer until the full number of their brothers and sisters—their fellow servants of Jesus who were to be martyred—had joined them." (Revelation 6:9-11, NLT) What does this interim state entail? As Scripture is silent on the subject, anything I offered here would be pure speculation.

What's the point of all of this? We can believe whatever we choose to believe. We can follow Dante into hell? We can visit the Elysian Fields. Imagination is a beautiful thing! But please, let's not fool ourselves that our fantasies are supported by Scripture or reflect the teachings of Christ and his apostles! Moreover, for those who profess to follow Christ, wouldn't it make sense to embrace what he believed and taught about the afterlife? Just asking.😊

 

Are You Giving Thanks to Ceres or God?

My friend, xHWA, has been posting a great series of posts on Samhain over at the blog As Bereans Did. As my readers know, this blog has pushed back on an unfortunate phenomenon which began during the Protestant Reformation - a claim that has been advanced by certain over-zealous and mostly well-meaning folks that most of the holidays we celebrate are rooted in pagan practices of the past. And, as xHWA and others have pointed out, most of these claims are based in whimsy and apophenia (seeing connections or patterns in data which do NOT exist and consequently lead to false conclusions).

Now, while this phenomenon has focused more on traditional holidays (like Christmas, Easter, and Halloween), there are a few rabid individuals who have even attempted to paint the American Thanksgiving holiday with this pagan brush! Don't think so? Try typing "pagan origins of Thanksgiving" into your search engine and see what happens!

My Bing Copilot picked up this: "Thanksgiving has roots in ancient pagan harvest festivals, reflecting traditions of gratitude and celebration of the harvest season." It continued:

Historical Context

Thanksgiving, as celebrated in the United States, is often traced back to the 1621 feast shared by the Pilgrims and the Wampanoag tribe. However, the concept of giving thanks for the harvest predates this event and is deeply rooted in various pagan traditions. Many ancient cultures held harvest festivals to honor their deities and celebrate the abundance of the season.

Pagan Harvest Festivals

Cerelia: In ancient Rome, the festival of Cerelia was dedicated to Ceres, the goddess of agriculture and grain. This festival celebrated the harvest and involved various rituals and feasting, similar to modern Thanksgiving practices. 

Lughnasadh and Samhain: The Gaelic Celts celebrated Lughnasadh around August 1st, marking the beginning of the harvest season, and Samhain on November 1st, which signified the end of the harvest. These festivals included feasting and community gatherings, reflecting the themes of gratitude and abundance. 

Harvest Home: In Britain, the tradition of Harvest Home evolved from pagan customs, where communities would celebrate the completion of the harvest with feasts and festivities. This practice continued even after the Christianization of the region, blending pagan and Christian elements. 

The information was then summarized by noting paganism's "Influence on Modern Thanksgiving:"

The modern Thanksgiving celebration incorporates many elements from these ancient harvest festivals. The act of gathering with family and friends to give thanks for the harvest mirrors the communal feasting of past cultures. While Thanksgiving is now a secular holiday, its roots in pagan traditions highlight the universal human practice of celebrating abundance and expressing gratitude.

In summary, while Thanksgiving is often viewed through a contemporary lens, its origins are intertwined with ancient pagan customs that celebrated the harvest and the changing seasons. These traditions have shaped the way we observe Thanksgiving today, emphasizing gratitude and community.

Google's AI Overview offered much of the same information. Their lead paragraph read:

Thanksgiving has roots in ancient pagan harvest celebrations from various cultures, which honored the earth's bounty through feasting and rituals. Examples include the Roman Cerelia festival for the harvest goddess Ceres and the Celtic Harvest Home, which featured parades and feasts for the final harvest. Modern Paganism, specifically Neopaganism, observes a similar celebration called Mabon, which marks the autumnal equinox with feasting and gratitude for the harvest. 

"Well, they must be right! Thanksgiving is nothing but a pagan celebration to honor Ceres! True Christians shouldn't be partaking in this pagan holiday!" If that was your reaction, you may want to examine the AI sources behind these statements.

The actual history of this celebration is drilled into every school-aged child in America! Most Americans will tell you that the first Thanksgiving was celebrated by the Pilgrims and Wampanoag Indians in the fall of 1621. Surprisingly, many of them will also be able to tell you that Abraham Lincoln was the first president to make it an official national holiday. In other words, the genesis of the holiday is clearly found among a group of Christian people who wanted to give thanks to God for their survival and a bountiful harvest at the conclusion of their first year on this continent. The truth is that these humble folks didn't have a pagan thought in their heads at the time!

It is my hope that in pointing out just how absurd this notion about pagan origins can be - that it will give some of my Armstrong Church of God and Jehovah's Witnesses brethren some pause about our other holidays which have been painted with this brush. The real truth is that almost all of our current holiday traditions were founded in the Christian era and do NOT have pagan origins. The fact that pagans observed harvest festivals devoted to their gods and goddesses does not mean that we borrowed our celebration from them. If anything, this entire exercise should generate a little intellectual curiosity. and a willingness to dig a little deeper and engage our brains in some good old critical thinking and common sense! What do you think?

A Message for Today?

In the latest installment of his Wall Watchers program, Bill Watson stated that the first chapter of Isaiah applies to the United States in our day! According to him, the United States is the modern representative of ancient Israel, and Isaiah's message is a warning for our people. Pastor Watson believes that these Old Testament prophecies have dual applications - one for ancient times and one for modern times. And, as the name he has chosen for his new program indicates, Watson believes that he is a watcher on the wall in the tradition of the prophet Ezekiel (Ezekiel 33:1-9). Is Bill right?

In the first chapter of Isaiah, we read: "The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah." (Verse 1, ESV) Notice that this is Isaiah's vision, NOT Bill's - NOT mine - NOT yours. Notice too, that his vision concerned JUDAH and JERUSALEM during the reigns of four of the ancient kings of Judah. In other words, the first verse clearly laid out whose vision was being recorded and for whom it was intended! Note too, that even if Bill was right about the United States and Israel, that this prophecy was NOT for Israel, Samaria, or Israel's leaders.

Moreover, if we bother to read ALL of the rest of this chapter of Isaiah, it becomes very clear that this was intended for a people living under the terms of God's covenant with the Israelites (Old Covenant - Torah). Later in this chapter, we read: "What to me is the multitude of your sacrifices?' says the Lord; 'I have had enough of burnt offerings of rams and the fat of well-fed beasts; I do not delight in the blood of bulls, or of lambs, or of goats. When you come to appear before me, who has required of you this trampling of my courts? Bring no more vain offerings; incense is an abomination to me. New moon and Sabbath and the calling of convocations— I cannot endure iniquity and solemn assembly. Your new moons and your appointed feasts my soul hates; they have become a burden to me; I am weary of bearing them." (Isaiah 1:11-14, ESV) Just to be clear, the people of the United States have NEVER followed these tenets of God's covenant with Israel - NOT AT ANYTIME IN THEIR ENTIRE HISTORY AS A NATION!

Finally, for those who actually suffered through Bill's presentation, you may be wondering why the pastor spent so much time talking about immigration, Islam's influence, and homosexuality. Bill reads: "Your country lies desolate; your cities are burned with fire; in your very presence foreigners devour your land; it is desolate, as overthrown by foreigners" (verse 7) and thinks immigration. It apparently never occurred to him that Isaiah might be talking about Assyria's invasion of Israel and Judah which happened during King Hezekiah's reign! Likewise, Bill reads: "If the Lord of hosts had not left us a few survivors, we should have been like Sodom, and become like Gomorrah. Hear the word of the Lord, you rulers of Sodom! Give ear to the teaching of our God, you people of Gomorrah!" and thinks homosexuality! Once again, it appears that Bill doesn't see the obviously intended comparison between the rulers and people of Judah and the rulers of the wicked cities of Sodom and Gomorrah. And, just for the record, the story of Sodom and Gomorrah was about a whole lot more than the attempted homosexual gang rape of two angels (see Ezekiel 16:49-50). Now, as Mohammed hadn't even been born yet, I leave my readers to speculate about how Bill came up with a connection to Islam.

NO, Bill! The first chapter of Isaiah is NOT a message for our day! In fact, it has NOTHING to do with the United States, the Christian era, or the Twenty-first Century! That's a big swing and a miss - commonly known as "STRIKE ONE!" 

Unity

Psalm 133

A song for pilgrims ascending to Jerusalem. A psalm of David.

1 How wonderful and pleasant it is

    when brothers live together in harmony!

2 For harmony is as precious as the anointing oil

    that was poured over Aaron’s head,

    that ran down his beard

    and onto the border of his robe.

3 Harmony is as refreshing as the dew from Mount Hermon

    that falls on the mountains of Zion.

And there the Lord has pronounced his blessing,

    even life everlasting.

New Living Translation

The Human Failure to Remain United

Jesus said that he and the Father are one (John 10:30). Later, he said: "My prayer is not for the world, but for those you have given me, because they belong to you. All who are mine belong to you, and you have given them to me, so they bring me glory. Now I am departing from the world; they are staying in this world, but I am coming to you. Holy Father, you have given me your name; now protect them by the power of your name so that they will be united just as we are." (John 17:9-11, NLT) He continued: “I have given them the glory you gave me, so they may be one as we are one. I am in them and you are in me. May they experience such perfect unity that the world will know that you sent me and that you love them as much as you love me. Father, I want these whom you have given me to be with me where I am. Then they can see all the glory you gave me because you loved me even before the world began!" (John 17:22-24, NLT) Hence, we can see that Christ clearly intended for his disciples to remain united.

Moreover, Scripture makes very clear that this is exactly where the Church began. Indeed, when the disciples came together after Christ's resurrection, we read: "When the day of Pentecost arrived, they were all together in one place." (Acts 2:1, ESV) And, after Peter delivered his sermon, we read: "And they devoted themselves to the apostles' teaching and the fellowship, to the breaking of bread and the prayers. And awe came upon every soul, and many wonders and signs were being done through the apostles. And all who believed were together and had all things in common. And they were selling their possessions and belongings and distributing the proceeds to all, as any had need. And day by day, attending the temple together and breaking bread in their homes, they received their food with glad and generous hearts, praising God and having favor with all the people. And the Lord added to their number day by day those who were being saved." (Acts 2:42-47, ESV)

Unfortunately, people being people, things fell apart rather quickly. In the fifteenth chapter of Acts, we are informed that a dispute arose among the believers about whether or not Gentile Christians were obligated to observe the commandments of Torah. Moreover, although all of the apostles came to an agreement that Gentiles were NOT going to be required to observe the tenets of the Old Covenant, the other writings of the New Testament make clear that the issue continued to be a source of contention and division among the saints (see Romans and Galatians).

In Paul's first epistle to the saints of Corinth, we also see that cults of personality began to develop within that congregation. In other words, the saints began to identify more with a particular leader in the early Church and began to form groups within the congregation based on their allegiance to a particular leader. Paul wrote: "I appeal to you, brothers, by the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that all of you agree, and that there be no divisions among you, but that you be united in the same mind and the same judgment. For it has been reported to me by Chloe's people that there is quarreling among you, my brothers. What I mean is that each one of you says, 'I follow Paul,' or 'I follow Apollos,' or 'I follow Cephas,' or 'I follow Christ.' Is Christ divided? Was Paul crucified for you? Or were you baptized in the name of Paul?" (I Corinthians 1:10-13, ESV) For Paul, this divisiveness at Corinth was plainly NOT a positive development. On the contrary, he implored them to eradicate this behavior from their midst!

Paul went on to compare the ekklesia to a human body. He wrote: "The human body has many parts, but the many parts make up one whole body. So it is with the body of Christ. Some of us are Jews, some are Gentiles, some are slaves, and some are free. But we have all been baptized into one body by one Spirit, and we all share the same Spirit. Yes, the body has many different parts, not just one part. If the foot says, 'I am not a part of the body because I am not a hand,' that does not make it any less a part of the body. And if the ear says, 'I am not part of the body because I am not an eye,' would that make it any less a part of the body? If the whole body were an eye, how would you hear? Or if your whole body were an ear, how would you smell anything? But our bodies have many parts, and God has put each part just where he wants it. How strange a body would be if it had only one part! Yes, there are many parts, but only one body. The eye can never say to the hand, 'I don’t need you.' The head can’t say to the feet, 'I don’t need you.' In fact, some parts of the body that seem weakest and least important are actually the most necessary. And the parts we regard as less honorable are those we clothe with the greatest care. So we carefully protect those parts that should not be seen, while the more honorable parts do not require this special care. So God has put the body together such that extra honor and care are given to those parts that have less dignity. This makes for harmony among the members, so that all the members care for each other. If one part suffers, all the parts suffer with it, and if one part is honored, all the parts are glad. All of you together are Christ’s body, and each of you is a part of it." (I Corinthians 12:12-27, NLT) Clearly, for Paul, the body needed ALL of its parts working together for the common good!

Indeed, this was a common theme throughout the writings we have from the Apostle Paul. He wrote to the Christians at Ephesus to "“Make every effort to keep the unity of the Spirit through the bond of peace.” (Ephesians 4:3) Does that mean that unity requires effort? Paul went on to tell them that perfect unity was a goal that everyone should strive to achieve (Ephesians 4:13). Likewise, he wrote to the saints at Rome to "Live in harmony with one another. Do not be proud, but be willing to associate with people of low position.” (Romans 12:16) He also wrote to the Christians at Philippi that they should "make my joy complete by being like-minded, having the same love, being one in spirit and of one mind.” (Philippians 2:2) Paul told the Jewish and Gentile saints of Galatia that they had been made into one people in Christ (Galatians 3:28). Finally, in his second epistle to the Christians of Corinth, the apostle urged them to "Strive for full restoration, encourage one another, be of one mind, live in peace.” (II Corinthians 13:11)

We should also note that this notion of unity is completely consistent with Christ's expectations of his disciples. In the Gospel of John, we read that Jesus told his disciples: “I have loved you even as the Father has loved me. Remain in my love. When you obey my commandments, you remain in my love, just as I obey my Father’s commandments and remain in his love. I have told you these things so that you will be filled with my joy. Yes, your joy will overflow! This is my commandment: Love each other in the same way I have loved you. There is no greater love than to lay down one’s life for one’s friends. You are my friends if you do what I command. I no longer call you slaves, because a master doesn’t confide in his slaves. Now you are my friends, since I have told you everything the Father told me. You didn’t choose me. I chose you. I appointed you to go and produce lasting fruit, so that the Father will give you whatever you ask for, using my name. This is my command: Love each other." (John 15:9-17, NLT) In fact, just prior to this discourse, Jesus had told his disciples that their love for each other would identify them to the world as his disciples! (John 13:35)

This is the sentiment that ALL of Christ's apostles echoed in their teachings. Peter wrote: "Finally, all of you, be like-minded, be sympathetic, love one another, be compassionate and humble.” (I Peter 3:8) John wrote: "If we love one another, God lives in us and his love is made complete in us.” (I John 4:12) The anonymous author of the epistle to the Hebrews wrote: “And let us consider how we may spur one another on toward love and good deeds, not giving up meeting together.” (Hebrews 10:24-25) Likewise, James wrote to his readers that pure religion was to be found in taking care of those among them who were in need (James 1:27). He continued: “If you really keep the royal law found in Scripture, ‘Love your neighbor as yourself,’ you are doing right.” (James 2:8) He also went on to say: “Therefore confess your sins to each other and pray for each other so that you may be healed. The prayer of a righteous person is powerful and effective.” (James 5:16) In other words, God expected his saints to love each other and to live in unity and peace with each other.

Nevertheless, as we have already seen, the saints didn't waste any time in turning their backs on the unity and love which Christ and his apostles had demanded of them. Differences of opinion became grounds to exclude and shun each other. Once again, James laid his finger on the problem. He wrote: "What is causing the quarrels and fights among you? Don’t they come from the evil desires at war within you? You want what you don’t have, so you scheme and kill to get it. You are jealous of what others have, but you can’t get it, so you fight and wage war to take it away from them. Yet you don’t have what you want because you don’t ask God for it. And even when you ask, you don’t get it because your motives are all wrong—you want only what will give you pleasure. You adulterers! Don’t you realize that friendship with the world makes you an enemy of God? I say it again: If you want to be a friend of the world, you make yourself an enemy of God. Do you think the Scriptures have no meaning? They say that God is passionate that the spirit he has placed within us should be faithful to him. And he gives grace generously. As the Scriptures say, 'God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble.' So humble yourselves before God. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you. Come close to God, and God will come close to you. Wash your hands, you sinners; purify your hearts, for your loyalty is divided between God and the world." (James 4:1-8, NLT) Clearly, for James, the source of the division was human nature, NOT God!

This history of bickering and division has continued up to the present day - encompassing the entire two-thousand-year existence of the Christian Church. Over those centuries, there have been a number of heresies, opposing centers of power, church councils, and wars fought in the name of Christ and his Church. Like the Roman Empire itself, the Christian Church developed into a Western and Eastern tradition. The Western tradition centered on Rome, its bishop, and Latin. Likewise, the Eastern tradition centered on Constantinople, its patriarch, and Greek. (Now, while these designations are useful to us, it should be noted that they constitute an oversimplification of a more complex picture of East and West.) At any rate, these two halves of the Church coexisted for many centuries, and both regarded each other as constituting part of the Body of Christ. In 1054, however, theological and political differences resulted in both sides excommunicating each other, and the "Universal" Church was engulfed in the Great Schism - a division which has never been healed.

Later, in 1517, Martin Luther nailed his famous/infamous Ninety-five Theses to a church door in Germany, and the Protestant Reformation began. Then, over the next five hundred years, the Protestant Church divided into hundreds of different churches/sects/denominations. Among them, a group of Sabbath-keeping Christians emerged and were eventually known as Seventh-Day Baptists. A little later, one of the Millerite groups adopted sabbath-keeping and promptly divided into Seventh-Day Adventists, and the Church of God Seventh Day (which itself divided into two groups). Then, in the Twentieth-Century, a man named Herbert Armstrong broke away from one of the Church of God Seventh Day organizations and founded his own "Radio Church of God." Later, he changed the name to the "Worldwide Church of God" and ruled that organization until his death in 1986. After his death, the Worldwide Church disintegrated into a number of splinter groups, which have continued to splinter into smaller and smaller grouping ever since. One of these groups, the "Church of God International" has itself divided a number of times over the years. The most recent schism being Pastor Bill Watson of Medina, Ohio's declaration of independence from that group's Tyler, Texas headquarters.

What is the point of all of these Scriptural passages and history? That division is NOT of God! It is born of humans who have refused to follow Christ's commandments and teachings! In other words, division is ALWAYS born of SIN! Division is NOT consistent with Love. It is born of impatience, jealousy, anger, ego/pride, rudeness, unkindness, irritability, giving up, faithlessness, hopelessness, and a distinct lack of forgiveness (see I Corinthians 13:4-7). Schism within the body of Christ is also indicative of individuals who are NOT living according to the beatitudes outlined in Christ's Sermon on the Mount (see Matthew 5:3-10).  In schism, we don't usually find much evidence of humility, hungering for righteousness, mercy, pure hearts, or workers for peace! Hence, we are forced to conclude that ALL schism is born of sin and is INCONSISTENT with Christ's commandment to love each other, and to help each other survive the pitfalls and suffering of this present world! In short, schism CANNOT be justified. None of the excuses offered by those who engage in the practice are ever sufficient to justify it! What do you think?

Are You Following Christ's Example?

Christ told his disciples to follow his example of humility and suffering. Instead, too many of the folks who profess to be disciples of Jesus try to imitate the way that he kept the commandments of Torah (which is IMPOSSIBLE to do)!

In this connection, notice the following passages of Scripture:

Matthew 10:38 “And he who does not take his cross and follow after Me is not worthy of Me.”

Luke 9:23 “Then He said to them all, ‘If anyone desires to come after Me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross daily, and follow Me.'”

Luke 14:27 “And whoever does not bear his cross and come after Me cannot be My disciple.”

Matthew 16:24 “Then Jesus said to His disciples, ‘If anyone desires to come after Me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow Me.'”

Mark 8:34 “When He had called the people to Himself, with His disciples also, He said to them, ‘Whoever desires to come after Me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow Me.'”

John 13:12-17 "So after he had washed their feet, and had taken his garments, and was set down again, he said unto them, 'Know ye what I have done to you? Ye call me Master and Lord: and ye say well; for so I am. If I then, your Lord and Master, have washed your feet; ye also ought to wash one another's feet. For I have given you an example, that ye should do as I have done to you. Verily, verily, I say unto you, The servant is not greater than his lord; neither he that is sent greater than he that sent him. If ye know these things, happy are ye if ye do them.'"

Matthew 19:21 “Jesus said to him, ‘If you want to be perfect, go, sell what you have and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven; and come, follow Me.'”

1 Peter 2:21 “For to this you were called, because Christ also suffered for us, leaving us an example, that you should follow His steps.”

Hebrews 12:2 “Looking unto Jesus, the author and finisher of our faith, who for the joy that was set before Him endured the cross, despising the shame, and has sat down at the right hand of the throne of God.”

Matthew 7:21 “Not everyone who says to Me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ shall enter the kingdom of heaven, but he who does the will of My Father in heaven.”

John 6:38-40 "For I came down from heaven, not to do mine own will, but the will of him that sent me. And this is the Father's will which hath sent me, that of all which he hath given me I should lose nothing, but should raise it up again at the last day. And this is the will of him that sent me, that every one which seeth the Son, and believeth on him, may have everlasting life: and I will raise him up at the last day."

John 6:28-29 "Then said they unto him, 'What shall we do, that we might work the works of God? Jesus answered and said unto them, 'This is the work of God, that ye believe on him whom he hath sent.'"

Galatians 2:21 "I do not frustrate the grace of God: for if righteousness come by the law, then Christ is dead in vain."

What about you? Are you following Christ's example? OR Are you trying to fulfill the Law which he has already fulfilled?

The Assembly of People Drawn to God Through Jesus Christ

This is what the "ekklesia" really is. It is Not a denomination or other manmade organization. It is NOT a building or meeting place. It is composed of all of those individuals who have accepted Jesus as their Savior and have received God's Holy Spirit. All of its members stand before God pure, clean, and Holy!

An Open Letter to Bill Watson

Dear Bill:

 

I heard the announcement you made in Medina this past Sabbath (11/1/2025) regarding your decision to depart ways with the Church of God International and starting a new organization. In your announcement, you made some comments on some of the reasons for the decision. Since your statements were public, I’m making this an open response. It has already come to our attention that some of the church members appear to be quite concerned after hearing you say that the CGI Board of Directors issued three “ultimatums” to you and the Medina church. I want to take a few moments to address this.

 

The letter wherein the three options were mentioned was written by me and sent to other members of the Board of Directors the same day I sent it to you (August 6, 2025). So they did not read what I wrote regarding the three options before you did. And since I wrote it, I can tell you for certain that it never occurred to me that the three options I mentioned might have even remotely resembled “ultimatums.”

 

Bill, I was merely bringing up the options you already had. Those were options available to you whether I mentioned them or not. I was certainly not issuing ultimatums or mandates or demands of any kind; I was merely stating what was! I even began my statement with “It seems to me….” That’s just not the way one issues an ultimatum!

 

Ultimatum is defined as “a final demand or statement of terms, the rejection of which will result in retaliation or a breakdown in relations.”

 

With that definition in mind, let’s look at what I said. Here’s the paragraph mentioning the three options:

 

It seems to me that if our policies mean anything at all, you have three paths you could take: 1) You could do what any CGI elder “in good standing” is expected to do—abide by the policies for elders and chartered churches. 2) You could request of the MC to reclassify you and the Medina congregation as an “independent affiliate.” 3) You could simply declare your independence and go your way. [Emphasis added.]

 

I was referring to the fact that you are presently operating outside the parameters of the policies set forth for chartered churches in our Manual for Field Churches. Since you are not in compliance with these policies, you automatically (not by “decree” from me or the Board) have the option of bringing yourself into compliance—i.e., correcting the situation. But you can, if you so choose, declare your independence from the Church of God International. That’s another option you already had before I mentioned it. And finally, should your choice be independence from the Church of God International, you have the option of requesting that the Ministerial Council give you the “independent affiliate” classification. Again, all those options were already there before I made mention of them. They were not ultimatums!

 

You will note that I said, “It seems to me….” I put it like that because there may be other options, but as best I can tell (i.e., “It seems to me”) the only viable ones are the three mentioned here. Again, neither I, as Chairman of the Board, nor the Board of Directors collectively were giving you or establishing options; I was merely stating that these are options you have.

 

You will recall that in the email I sent to you on July 8, 2025, I asked you to clarify for me your intentions. This is what the options are about. I was asking you for clarity on what you wanted to do. We exchanged emails and letters, but you never answered the question. Finally you sent an email stating you would give me an answer after the Feast. About two weeks after the Feast, you gave me only a partial answer. You said that the Medina Board agreed to change the name. I then told you that this presumably means that option #1 was ruled out. I then asked you if the Board expressed a preference for one of the other two options, and you never answered…until you announced it last Sabbath.

 

You also stated in your announcement that “the Medina Board had been led to believe…that our name, Church of God International, Medina, could be used in perpetuity. That is, without expiration nor any stipulations. However, the Texas Board made it clear to us the last few months…that this was not true, despite their written statement of affirmation awarding Medina to use their name.”

 

This is another misunderstanding. Here is the written statement of affirmation I sent to you on July 1, 2024:

 

This is to affirm that the Board of Directors of the Church of God International has, for the sole purpose of the purchase of a building, approved the use of the name “Church of God International, Medina” by the Medina, Ohio congregation of the Church of God International. [Emphasis added.]

 

You can see that the affirmation I sent to you was not unconditional. As I explained to you in an email (around August 20, 2025), the part in bold allows us to withdraw approval should the Medina church go independent. Of course it goes without saying that as long as you’re officially a Church of God International congregation, we not only approve your use of the name, we prefer and encourage it. The name-change requirement applies only if you decide you want to operate independently of the Church of God International. That seems like a reasonable requirement to me. It also seems to me that any group parting ways with an organization would want a different name so as to avoid confusion. However, I must add that if the Medina Board had not agreed to the name change, we would have just left it alone. It’s not something worth arguing over.

 

You also stated that there had been “years of…growing tensions between the boards of Texas and Medina.” I was completely unaware of any kind of “growing tensions” between these two boards; this is news to me. The tensions I am aware of have been between you and the Board and/or home office and have concerned primarily organizational and procedural matters. In more recent times, the tensions have revolved around your non-compliance with the policies established by the organization that issued your credentials and paid your salary and expenses, though you once endorsed and upheld these policies. I’ve gone over the specifics with you, and will not repeat them here. In the end, we were unable to come to agreement on the matters I brought up to you, and your recollection of history as it pertains to these matters is quite different from my recollection or that of the Board of Directors or home-office personnel.

 

Nevertheless, I would like to apologize to you on one point—something I mentioned in my letter to you but would later realize was inaccurate. You briefly mentioned it in your announcement but did not elaborate. I had stated in my letter to you that your policy violations included soliciting donations from outside your area by posting a “donation tab” on your previous website. I had my “facts” wrong. It was not a donation tab (like the one on your new website); it was this:

 

Our address for written correspondence and donations:

 

Church of God Intl, Medina

PO Box 1162

Medina, Ohio 44258

 

Please specify on check where you would like the donation to go.

Example: Helping Hands, Tithe, Etc.

 

I would call the above (which was posted on the front page of your old website) a policy violation, but I was in error when I referred to it as a “donation tab.” So I apologize for that.

 

My initial email to you was for the purpose of getting clarity on where you stood with us and what your intentions were going forward. Follow up communications were for the same purpose and to openly and honestly set before you the issues and concerns that have contributed to the tensions between us and led us to the present situation. I initially believed the best option for you would have been the first one of the three, but because of our inability to come to terms on the issues and the history surrounding them, I have to say, sadly, that your decision to part ways was probably best for all parties concerned.

 

I wish you and the Medina brethren the best.

 

Sincerely,

Vance A. Stinson

 

The Most Egregious Sins of the United States

Throughout our history, too many Americans have had much too high an opinion of themselves and their own righteousness as a nation. Unfortunately, the history of the United States is one of many national sins. In considering this question from the perspective of our entire history (I am a historian), it occurred to me that both the Ten Commandments and the Seven Deadly Sins of Christianity would provide an excellent framework for such a discussion. Please consider the following:

1. Idolatry or making the nation into an object of worship and devotion - which manifests as extreme nationalism/patriotism, elevating service to and participation in the national arena a kind of civic religion. We see this in things like the Pledge of Allegiance to the flag, the playing of the National Anthem, Hail to the Chief, and the promotion of patriotic mythologies.

2. Pridefulness - which manifests as pride or boasting about the nation's political system, wealth, military strength, history, education, natural resources, power and influence on the world stage, etc. Americans actively believe and promote the notion that they constitute the greatest nation on the face of the earth, and the corollary view that all other nations are inferior to them.

3. Greediness - which manifests as the relentless exploitation of both natural and human resources. Slavery, child labor, disregard for workers' safety and hygiene, human trafficking, and inadequate compensation and housing for workers are all examples of the exploitation of human resources. Mining, logging, polluting, intensive farming of marginal lands, wanton destruction, waste, and ignoring all problems relating to sustainability are all examples of the exploitation our natural resources.

4. Violence and vengefulness - which has manifested itself in the nation instigating many unjust military actions both within its own borders (think raids against and massacres of Native Americans) and around the world (think Mexican-American War and Spanish-American War). The United States killed large numbers of its own citizens and damaged vast stretches of countryside as a consequence of the American Civil War. The United States also has a reputation for having one of the highest incidences of violent crime of any industrialized nation in the world, and its populace is armed better than most of the nations of the earth!

5. Covetousness - which has manifested itself in the forced acquisition of Native American lands, the internal imposition of the principle of eminent domain on its own populace, the misappropriation of public resources (think lands and forests), and imperialistic policies toward the other nations of the earth.

6. Lustfulness - which has manifested itself in the promotion of prostitution, pornography, advertising, movie making, television programing, misogyny in the workplace and home, abuse of power, pedophilia, the flourishing of serial rapists and murderers, divorce, promiscuity, teen pregnancy, gambling, lotteries, etc.

7. Overindulgence - which has manifested itself in the fact that as high as forty percent of the population suffers from obesity, and large numbers of people have suffered the ill effects of diabetes, smoking, and the consumption of food and drinks with high sodium, sugar, and fat contents. Likewise, this phenomenon has manifested itself in large numbers of folks who regularly abuse alcohol and other mind-altering substances (drugs).

8. Laziness - which has manifest itself in extreme apathy about voting (it has been estimated that more than a third of the eligible voting population didn't vote in the last presidential election), the reluctance of many citizens to fill jobs in certain labor-intensive sectors like agriculture and service. The reluctance of large numbers of people to train for available jobs in the medical or high-tech sectors of the economy. The overall decline in the work ethic of the folks who do participate in the work force (something which is hard to quantify but is readily discernable to employers).

9. Unrighteousness of leadership - which has manifested itself in numerous dirty tricks against political opponents, intentionally lying to the public and each other, the ruthless pursuit and persecution of enemies, marital unfaithfulness, widespread graft and corruption on a grand scale, back-stabbing, and an overall failure to put the country before one's own narrow personal interests or aggrandizement.

10. Hatefulness - which has manifested itself in numerous failures to love America's neighbors. Instead, America has often pursued its own interests at the expense of her neighbors' interests and well-being (think oil and strategic interests related to it). In particular, Americans have often failed to show love to their African brethren - exploiting them for free labor in times past and often ignoring their interests and concerns altogether more recently. Likewise, Americans have often failed to welcome immigrants and political refugees from other nations into their midst (think Chinese, Japanese, Irish, and Latin Americans more recently).

What do you think? 

Bill Watson of Medina, the Latest ACOG Schismatic!

This blogger has watched and commented on Bill Watson's journey into the fringe of the ACOG movement for years. Over those years, Bill has absorbed and embraced extreme right-wing politics in the United States and many of the conspiracy theories endemic to that group. Simultaneously, Bill has resisted any modifications/changes to the core Armstrongist theology of the old Worldwide Church of God. In other words, he has stubbornly refused to let go of teachings (like Anglo-Israelism, headline theology, ministerial authority, etc.) from which others have tried to distance themselves or repudiate altogether.

We have also reported on Bill's efforts to quietly disentangle himself from the Church of God International - the very group which credentialed him as a minister. Bill quietly diverted tithes and offerings away from CGI headquarters in Tyler and began accumulating funds in Ohio in anticipation of forming his own independent ministry. During this period, he also began organizing his own independent feast site for the observance of the Feast of Tabernacles by his followers. He also quietly repaid Tyler the funds used to purchase the building where the Medina congregation meets. More recently, he also abandoned the internet platform provided for him by CGI and created his own website. Moreover, seeing the writing on the wall, Tyler has itself pulled back from Bill and quietly distanced themselves from some of his more extreme teachings.

Now, as is the pattern amongst ALL of the Armstrong Churches of God, Bill has finally pulled the trigger and taken the last official step toward complete independence - He has formally formed his own ministry. Bill's church is now known as Church of God Independent Ministries. Likewise, Tyler has removed Medina, Ohio as one of its United States congregations (Columbus is still listed on their website). More schism, more rancor and bitterness - this is the legacy of the ACOGs. The death spiral continues, and it isn't pretty to watch!

The Human and Divine Perspectives on Righteousness, Suffering, and Blessings Contrasted: The Book of Job

As we have mentioned on this blog in previous posts, the book of Job is widely recognized in scholarly circles as the oldest document in the Hebrew Bible. Moreover, its perspective on the topics of righteousness, suffering, and blessings is unique among the Hebrew canon. The standard formula of blessings for following God's Law and suffering for failure to do so is conspicuously absent from this book. The book is NOT set in the land of Israel, the main characters are Gentile, Torah and the covenant with Israel are not mentioned, and the author(s) of the book is/are completely disinterested in a historical context for the story. And, finally, the book underscores the differences between the Divine perspective on these matters with human ones. In other words, the book of Job is a metaphor for the way in which the entire Bible (Old and New Testaments) was written - providing us with a mixture of both perspectives (Divine and human)!

Among his remarks about Job in his textbook on The Bible, Bart Ehrman wrote: The "problem of suffering" is a perennial problem, especially for those who believe that there is a good and powerful God who is in control of this world. If he is, why is it that the righteous suffer? One can understand why sinners suffer: God must be punishing them. But if God is in control, and he is able to accomplish whatever he desires, and he desires only what is good for his people-why do his people suffer, especially when they do what he has asked them to do? This is a problem that has numerous solutions to it-some of which are probably occurring to you right now, as you think the answer is all too obvious. But to deep thinkers, the answer has never been obvious, and the obvious answers are probably not the right answers. In some ways, that is the overarching message of Job. This observation by Ehrman is reinforced by God's challenge to Job.

In the thirty-eighth chapter of the book, we read: Then the Lord answered Job from the whirlwind: “Who is this that questions my wisdom with such ignorant words? Brace yourself like a man, because I have some questions for you, and you must answer them. “Where were you when I laid the foundations of the earth? Tell me, if you know so much. Who determined its dimensions and stretched out the surveying line? What supports its foundations, and who laid its cornerstone as the morning stars sang together, and all the angels shouted for joy? (Verses 1-7, NLT) In other words, God's perspective is so expansive and ours is so limited that it is inevitable that our speculation(s) about the problem of suffering will fall miserably short in trying to explain the phenomenon. After all, God has been there from the beginning and has seen EVERYTHING that has happened and has the ability to see ALL of the outcomes of the choices which all of us make continuously!

Now, Jews have traditionally divided the Hebrew Bible into three categories of literature: Law, Prophets, and Writings. Job, of course, belongs to the "Writings" category and is considered part of the "wisdom" genre of biblical literature. In this connection, it is also interesting to note that Job is one of the most uniquely organized books of Scripture. To be clear, the organization of the book is both sophisticated and complex. Consider the following brief outline of the book:

Prologue: Job's Dilemma

I. The Perspectives of Job and his friends (or The Debates, Part 1)

    A. Eliphaz

        1) God blesses the righteous

        2) Job's response

    B. Bildad

        1) Job must have sinned

        2) Job's response

    C. Zophar

        1) Job should accept responsibility for what happened to him

        2) Job's response

 II. The Perspectives of Job and his friends (or The Debates, Part 2)

    A. Eliphaz

        1) Why aren't you afraid to question God?

        2) Job's response

    B. Bildad

        1) The wicked are punished for their sins

        2) Job's response

    C. Zophar

        1) The wicked only prosper temporarily

        2) Job's response

III. The Perspectives of Job and his friends (or The Debates, Part 3)

    A. Eliphaz

        1) People and their righteousness are of no use to God

        2) Job's response

    B. Bildad

        1) Humans are incapable of righteousness

        2) Job's response

IV. Job presents his defense of his integrity and his longing for God's favor

V. The Discourses of Elihu

VI. The Discourses of God and Job's replies to them

Epilogue: God's restoration of Job

Hence, we see that the book of Job is an invitation to have faith in God's judgment - to trust in his perspective! We also see in this book a righteousness that is NOT dependent on the commandments of Torah and is available to Gentiles! The book also portrays Satan as the "accuser" of the brethren (Revelation 12:10), the promoter of death and suffering, and anticipates humanity's need for an Advocate and Savior. Moreover, the message about faith in God's judgment foreshadows the work and message of the Messiah and the New Testament - trusting in God for the ultimate outcome!

Sources:

Bible Hub Outline of Job

Bible Project video presentation on Job

Bible Project Poster on Job

The Bible: A Historical and Literary Introduction by Bart D. Ehrman, Oxford University Press, 2018

Paul to Peter

In his letter to the Christians of Galatia, Paul said that he told Peter: “You and I are Jews by birth, not ‘sinners’ like the Gentiles. Yet we know that a person is made right with God by faith in Jesus Christ, not by obeying the law. And we have believed in Christ Jesus, so that we might be made right with God because of our faith in Christ, not because we have obeyed the law. For no one will ever be made right with God by obeying the law. But suppose we seek to be made right with God through faith in Christ and then we are found guilty because we have abandoned the law. Would that mean Christ has led us into sin? Absolutely not! Rather, I am a sinner if I rebuild the old system of law I already tore down. For when I tried to keep the law, it condemned me. So I died to the law—I stopped trying to meet all its requirements—so that I might live for God. My old self has been crucified with Christ. It is no longer I who live, but Christ lives in me. So I live in this earthly body by trusting in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me. I do not treat the grace of God as meaningless. For if keeping the law could make us right with God, then there was no need for Christ to die." -Galatians 2:15-21, NLT

THE BIBLE Disproves Anglo-Israelism's Teachings About the British Monarchy!

Scout (a regular commentator on Banned by HWA) has written several excellent articles on the DNA evidence which refute Anglo-Israelism. Today, I want to zero in on one of the key teachings of A-I that can be definitively shown to be a gross misinterpretation of Scripture and history.

Like J.H. Allen before him, Herbert Armstrong's version of Anglo-Israelism insisted that God's promise to David of an eternal dynasty could NOT have been fulfilled by Christ alone. He taught that David's throne must continue to exist somewhere on earth until Christ returned to claim it! For Armstrong, that throne continued to exist in Great Britain, and he firmly believed that God had directed Jeremiah to transplant it there.

In The United States and Britain in Prophecy. Herbert Armstrong wrote:

The Eternal first spoke to Jeremiah when he was but a young lad about, some evidence indicates, seventeen years of age. By the time his mission was completed he was an aged, white-haired patriarch. 

This vital yet little-known call and commission is described in the opening verses of the first chapter of the book of Jeremiah. "Before I formed you in the womb, I knew you," the Eternal said to him, "and before you were born I consecrated you; I appointed you a prophet to the nations" (Jer. 1:5, RSV). 

But Jeremiah was frightened-afraid! "Ah, Eternal God!" he replied. "Behold, I do not know how to speak, for I am only a youth." 

But the Eternal answered, "Do not say, 'I am only a youth'; for to all to whom I send you you shall go, and whatever I command you you shall speak. Be not afraid of them, for I am with you to deliver you" (verses 6-8). 

Then the Eternal put forth His hand and touched Jeremiah's mouth. "See," said God, "I have set you this day over nations and over kingdoms, to pluck up and to break down, to destroy and to overthrow, TO BUILD AND TO PLANT" (verses 9-10). Or, as this tremendous commission is worded in the Authorized Version: "to root out, and to pull down, and to destroy, and to throw down, to BUILD, AND TO PLANT."

Armstrong continued to weave the tale. He wrote:

Now consider a much misunderstood passage of prophecy. If you will begin reading at the 18th verse of the 21st chapter of Ezekiel, you will see plainly that the Eternal is here speaking of the captivity of Judah by the king of Babylon. And, beginning in the 25th verse, He says: "And thou, profane wicked prince of Israel [Zedekiah], whose day is come, when iniquity shall have an end, thus saith the Lord God; remove the diadem, and take off the crown [as did happen, through the first half of Jeremiah's commission]: this [the crown] shall not be the same: exalt him that is low, and abase him that is high. I will overturn, overturn, overturn, it: and it shall be no more, until he come whose right it is; and I will give it him."

Let us understand that clearly. "Remove the diadem, and take off the crown." King Zedekiah, of David's dynasty, had the crown. This says it is to be removed. It was removed. He died in Babylon; his sons and all the nobles of Judah were killed.

"This shall not be the same." The diadem is not to cease, but a change is to take place-the throne is to be overturned-another is to wear the crown. God's promise to David is not to go by default! 

Later, in the same book, Armstrong wrote: 

The strange truth of the PLANTING and the REBUILDING of David's throne is revealed in "a riddle and a parable" couched in symbolic language never understood until this latter day. Yet it stands today so clearly explained a little child could understand! 

It fills the 17th chapter of Ezekiel's prophecy. The whole chapter should be carefully read. Notice, first, this prophetic message is addressed, NOT to Judah, the Jews, but to the house of Israel. It is a message to give light to the lost ten-tribed house Of ISRAEL in these latter days! 

First, Ezekiel is told to speak a riddle, and then a parable. The riddle is found in verses 3 to 10. Then, beginning in verse 11, the Eternal explains its meaning. "Say now to the rebellious house [God says, the "rebellious house," being ten-tribed ISRAEL (Ezek. 12:9), to whom Ezekiel is sent a prophet (Ezek. 2:3; 3:1, etc.)]. Know ye not what these things mean? tell them ... " and then the riddle is clearly explained. 

A great eagle came to Lebanon and took the highest branch of the cedar. This is explained to represent King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon who came to Jerusalem and took captive the king of Judah. The cropping off of the cedar's young twigs and carrying them to a land of traffic is explained to picture the captivity of the king's sons. "He took also of the seed of the land" means Nebuchadnezzar took also of the people, and the mighty of the land of Judah. He "set it as a willow tree. And it grew, and became a spreading vine of low stature" means the Jews were given a covenant whereby, although they were ruled over by the Chaldeans, they might live in peace and grow. The other "great eagle" is explained to represent Pharaoh of Egypt. 

Thus the riddle covers the first half of Jeremiah's commission. Now notice what is revealed concerning the second part-the PLANTING of David's throne! It comes in the parable, verses 22-24: "Thus saith the Lord God; I will also take of the highest branch of the high cedar." From God's own explanation we have learned that the cedar tree represents the nation of Judah; its highest branch is Judah's king. The riddle told us Nebuchadnezzar took the highest branch-the king. The parable now tells us God-not Nebuchadnezzar, but God-will take of the highest branch. Not the branch, but OF the branch-of Zedekiah's children. But Nebuchadnezzar took, and killed, all his SONS.

Now, we will demonstrate just how wrong-headed Mr. Armstrong's interpretations of these Scriptures and subsequent history turned out to be! Like Herbie, we will begin in the first chapter of the book of Jeremiah, but we will look at the entire context - not lifting out a few verses to serve as prooftexts!

First, we notice the context of Jeremiah's ministry. We read: The words of Jeremiah, the son of Hilkiah, one of the priests who were in Anathoth in the land of Benjamin, to whom the word of the Lord came in the days of Josiah the son of Amon, king of Judah, in the thirteenth year of his reign. It came also in the days of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, king of Judah, and until the end of the eleventh year of Zedekiah, the son of Josiah, king of Judah, until the captivity of Jerusalem in the fifth month. -Jeremiah 1:1-3, ESV Notice, that Jeremiah's work as a prophet began in the reign of King Josiah and spanned the reigns of Jehoiakim and Zedekiah and into the Babylonian Captivity! In other words, Jeremiah's work covered a very important period in the biblical history of the Kingdom of Judah. This is also crucial to understanding the remarks which Armstrong referenced in his book.

Herbie zeroed in on this verse: "See, I have set you this day over nations and over kingdoms, to pluck up and to break down, to destroy and to overthrow, to build and to plant." The question then becomes: What does that mean? What exactly did God intend for Jeremiah to do? For the answers to those questions, we need to take a closer look at some of the other content in this important book and compare it to some of the biblical historical books (I & II Kings and I & II Chronicles) related to the kingdom period of Israel's history.

Now, in terms of the passage which Mr. Armstrong focused on, we have this context:  The word of the Lord came to me a second time, saying, “What do you see?” And I said, “I see a boiling pot, facing away from the north.” Then the Lord said to me, “Out of the north disaster shall be let loose upon all the inhabitants of the land. For behold, I am calling all the tribes of the kingdoms of the north, declares the Lord, and they shall come, and every one shall set his throne at the entrance of the gates of Jerusalem, against all its walls all around and against all the cities of Judah. And I will declare my judgments against them, for all their evil in forsaking me. They have made offerings to other gods and worshiped the works of their own hands. But you, dress yourself for work; arise, and say to them everything that I command you. Do not be dismayed by them, lest I dismay you before them. And I, behold, I make you this day a fortified city, an iron pillar, and bronze walls, against the whole land, against the kings of Judah, its officials, its priests, and the people of the land. They will fight against you, but they shall not prevail against you, for I am with you, declares the Lord, to deliver you.” -Jeremiah 1:13-19, ESV

Clearly, this context reflects the reality that God was very displeased with the sinfulness of the Kingdom of Judah in terms of both its people and leadership, religious and political. Moreover, through Jeremiah, God warned the people that he was about to allow the Babylonians to destroy the kingdom and uproot the people from their homeland as a punishment for their failure to abide by the terms of his covenant with them. He also warned Jeremiah that everyone would be against him and his message but also assured him that God would not allow them to triumph over him.

In the prophecies which follow this first chapter, the work of Jeremiah unfolded. Jeremiah delivered a series of messages in which he discussed Judah's sins, that Judah had ignored what had happened to Israel, that Judah was continuously backsliding, and that Judah's punishment would come from the great empire to the North. He went on to predict that Jerusalem would be destroyed, and the people would be punished for their blatant hypocrisy and superficial religion. Jeremiah went on to talk about Judah's idolatry, and their violation of God's covenant with them. Jeremiah also continuously called for Judah to repent and lamented the failures of the political and religious leadership of the kingdom. Jeremiah also personally addressed each one of the kings of Judah who had reigned during his tenure as a prophet (Jehoiachin, Jehoiakim, Shallum, and Zedekiah). He went on to also give an account of the fulfillment of his prophecies against the kingdom, Jerusalem, the people, and their leaders. In addition to this focus on Judah, Jeremiah also delivered prophecies against Egypt, Philistia, Moab, Ammon, Edom, Damascus, and Babylon. Thus, in this account of Jeremiah's work, we see how God had set him "over nations and over kingdoms, to pluck up and to break down, to destroy and to overthrow."

Even so, as Herbie pointed out, God had also commissioned Jeremiah "to build and to plant." How did Jeremiah do that? In addition to all of that destruction and upheaval, Jeremiah also wrote: “Behold, the days are coming, declares the Lord, when I will raise up for David a righteous Branch, and he shall reign as king and deal wisely, and shall execute justice and righteousness in the land. In his days Judah will be saved, and Israel will dwell securely. And this is the name by which he will be called: ‘The Lord is our righteousness.’" -Jeremiah 23:5-6, ESV Jeremiah went on to predict that God would one day restore his people to their homeland and bless them again (see Jeremiah 33:1-13).

He continued: “Behold, the days are coming, declares the Lord, when I will fulfill the promise I made to the house of Israel and the house of Judah. In those days and at that time I will cause a righteous Branch to spring up for David, and he shall execute justice and righteousness in the land. In those days Judah will be saved, and Jerusalem will dwell securely. And this is the name by which it will be called: ‘The Lord is our righteousness.’ “For thus says the Lord: David shall never lack a man to sit on the throne of the house of Israel...Thus says the Lord: If you can break my covenant with the day and my covenant with the night, so that day and night will not come at their appointed time, then also my covenant with David my servant may be broken, so that he shall not have a son to reign on his throne, and my covenant with the Levitical priests my ministers. As the host of heaven cannot be numbered and the sands of the sea cannot be measured, so I will multiply the offspring of David my servant, and the Levitical priests who minister to me.” The word of the Lord came to Jeremiah: “Have you not observed that these people are saying, ‘The Lord has rejected the two clans that he chose’? Thus they have despised my people so that they are no longer a nation in their sight. Thus says the Lord: If I have not established my covenant with day and night and the fixed order of heaven and earth,  then I will reject the offspring of Jacob and David my servant and will not choose one of his offspring to rule over the offspring of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. For I will restore their fortunes and will have mercy on them.” -Jeremiah 33:14-26, ESV

Did you catch that? Jeremiah predicted that God would one day plant "a righteous Branch" and have it "spring up for David." This is clearly a reference to Jesus Christ, and the future restoration of Judah and Israel! This is what Mr. Armstrong used to refer to as allowing the Bible to interpret itself! Moreover, you will note that this biblical interpretation does NOT require a secret trip to Ireland with a Jewish princess in tow! Now, this interpretation may not be as exciting as Herbie's imaginative narrative about Tea Tephi and King Heremon, and it requires a little more reading and study; but we can see that it is much more consistent with the context and entire content of the book of Jeremiah.

Unfortunately, Mr. Armstrong continuously devalued the role of Jesus Christ in Scripture. He simply could not accept that the Law, Prophets, and Writings of the Hebrew Scriptures pointed to Jesus of Nazareth, and that he FULFILLED them. For Herbie, the physical was more important than the spiritual. For him, Christ had to inherit a physical throne which was still occupied by a physical descendant of David's dynasty! Mr. Armstrong simply could not believe that Jesus alone could fulfill God's promises to Abraham and David - there had to be physical elements to their fulfillment! Hence, it was essential that he create a viable explanation about how God had PHYSICALLY fulfilled his promises to them!

Armstrong simply could NOT accept that David's dynasty failed with the invasion of the Babylonians and their execution of King Zedekiah and his sons (see II Kings 25:1-21 and II Chronicles 36:1-21). Notice too, what the Prophet Amos wrote about David's dynasty in relation to the future restoration of Israel: “In that day I will raise up the booth of David that is fallen and repair its breaches, and raise up its ruins and rebuild it as in the days of old..." Question: If David's tabernacle/house/dynasty didn't really fall, then why did God have to raise it up, repair its breaches, and rebuild its ruins?

Now, having dispensed with Herbie's Jeremiah delusion, we will address his Ezekiel delusions next. Once again, Mr. Armstrong made much of this passage from the twenty-first chapter of that book: “‘You profane and wicked prince of Israel, whose day has come, whose time of punishment has reached its climax, this is what the Sovereign Lord says: Take off the turban, remove the crown. It will not be as it was: The lowly will be exalted and the exalted will be brought low. A ruin! A ruin! I will make it a ruin! The crown will not be restored until he to whom it rightfully belongs shall come; to him I will give it.’" -Ezekiel 21:25-27, NIV Once again, it is clear from the context that this passage is referring to Jesus of Nazareth someday taking over the crown, and it makes very plain that it would NOT be restored until Christ inherited it!

Now, we should note that Herbie was very fond of the language of the King James Version when it came to this particular text. In that version, we read: Thus saith the Lord God; Remove the diadem, and take off the crown: this shall not be the same: exalt him that is low, and abase him that is high. I will overturn, overturn, overturn, it: and it shall be no more, until he come whose right it is; and I will give it him." Mr. Armstrong speculated that the overturning of this crown referred to God taking it away from Zedekiah, and transferring it to Ireland (one overturn), transferring it from Ireland to Scotland (second overturn), and then transferring it from Scotland to England (third and final overturn). He went on to twist the meaning of the passage to suggest that it was really saying that the crown wouldn't be overturned anymore until Christ took it over at his second coming!

Laying aside Mr. Armstrong's clear distortion of the final portion of this passage, for the sake of argument, let's admit the possibility that he is right about the "overturn" portion of his interpretation. We have to ask ourselves: Is his speculation about Great Britain the only plausible explanation of this passage? We will shortly demonstrate that the answer to that question is a resounding "NO!"

Earlier in this post, we referenced the Scriptural historical accounts of the overthrow of the Kingdom of Judah. Once again, in the thirty-sixth chapter of the book of Chronicles, we learn that the King of Egypt invaded Judah and remove the crown from Josiah's son and gave it to his brother (after changing his name to Jehoiakim). Do you think that this could explain the first part of Mr. Armstrong's prooftext (Remove the diadem, and take off the crown: this shall not be the same: exalt him that is low, and abase him that is high)? Next, in that same account in the book of Chronicles, we are informed that the King of Babylon invaded Judah and took the throne away from Jehoiakim and gave it to Jehoiachin (one overturn). Then, he removed Jehoiachin and replaced him with Zedekiah (second overturn). Moreover, when Zedekiah rebelled against his overlord (the King of Babylon), the Babylonians returned to Judah and removed Zedekiah and killed all of his sons (third overturn). Now, isn't that more consistent with the facts on the ground and exceedingly more credible/plausible than Mr. Armstrong's fairytale?

Nevertheless, Mr. Armstrong was not yet done with his perversion of Ezekiel's text. He casually referred his readers to another text from that prophet and proceeded to employ it in the capacity of yet another prooftext to support his imaginative fairytale! In the seventeenth chapter of Ezekiel, we read about a highly symbolic prophecy which portrayed the King of Babylon as a great eagle, and the nation of Judah was represented by a tall cedar tree. In the account, the eagle takes sprigs from the top of the tree and brings them to Babylon (symbolic of the imprisonment of the princes of Judah). Then, we come, at long last, to the text which so excited Herbie's imagination: Thus says the Lord God: “I myself will take a sprig from the lofty top of the cedar and will set it out. I will break off from the topmost of its young twigs a tender one, and I myself will plant it on a high and lofty mountain. On the mountain height of Israel will I plant it, that it may bear branches and produce fruit and become a noble cedar. And under it will dwell every kind of bird; in the shade of its branches birds of every sort will nest. And all the trees of the field shall know that I am the Lord; I bring low the high tree, and make high the low tree, dry up the green tree, and make the dry tree flourish. I am the Lord; I have spoken, and I will do it.” -Ezekiel 17:22-24, ESV

Once again, Mr. Armstrong proposed that this text referred to one of Zedekiah's daughters, and Jeremiah taking her to Ireland to marry into the royal family who reigned there. Even so, I feel compelled to point out that the language of this passage fits the person of Jesus Christ so much better! Notice this Messianic prophecy from the book of Isaiah in this connection: There shall come forth a shoot from the stump of Jesse, and a branch from his roots shall bear fruit. And the Spirit of the Lord shall rest upon him, the Spirit of wisdom and understanding, the Spirit of counsel and might, the Spirit of knowledge and the fear of the Lord. And his delight shall be in the fear of the Lord. He shall not judge by what his eyes see, or decide disputes by what his ears hear, but with righteousness he shall judge the poor, and decide with equity for the meek of the earth; and he shall strike the earth with the rod of his mouth, and with the breath of his lips he shall kill the wicked. Righteousness shall be the belt of his waist, and faithfulness the belt of his loins. - Isaiah 11:1-5, ESV Likewise, consider this passage from later in the same book: Who has believed our message? To whom has the Lord revealed his powerful arm? My servant grew up in the Lord’s presence like a tender green shoot, like a root in dry ground. There was nothing beautiful or majestic about his appearance, nothing to attract us to him. He was despised and rejected— a man of sorrows, acquainted with deepest grief. We turned our backs on him and looked the other way. He was despised, and we did not care. Yet it was our weaknesses he carried; it was our sorrows that weighed him down...Yet when his life is made an offering for sin, he will have many descendants. He will enjoy a long life, and the Lord’s good plan will prosper in his hands. When he sees all that is accomplished by his anguish, he will be satisfied. And because of his experience, my righteous servant will make it possible for many to be counted righteous, for he will bear all their sins. I will give him the honors of a victorious soldier, because he exposed himself to death. He was counted among the rebels. He bore the sins of many and interceded for rebels. - Isaiah 53:1-12, NLT

Of course, as Mr. Armstrong used to say, "One convinced against his will is of the same opinion still!" We are all free to believe whatever we want to believe. I choose to believe Scripture and Jesus Christ. I believe that God had Jesus Christ in mind when he made those promises to Abraham and David, and I believe that Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel were referring to Jesus Christ in the passages cited herein. As I said before, you are free to believe in Herbie's fanciful fairytales if you want to - It's entirely up to you!